Today, as environmental protection and sustainable development have increasingly become hot topics around the world, biodegradable plastics are gradually becoming the mainstream of the market due to their environmental - friendly characteristics. Especially in fields such as disposable tableware and beverage straws, biodegradable plastics are demonstrating great potential to replace non - biodegradable plastics with their performance similar to that of traditional plastics. However, as food contact materials, what requirements do biodegradable plastics need to follow? This article will delve into this issue.

Release of the Plastic Restriction Order

On January 16, 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Opinions on Further Strengthening the Control of Plastic Pollution. This policy aims to restrict the use of single - use plastics and sets specific targets for 2020, 2022 and 2025. This move has had a profound impact on food contact materials (FCM), including the prohibition of the production and sale of single - use foamed plastic tableware, as well as the gradual prohibition of the use of non - degradable straws and tableware.

Rise of Biodegradable Plastics

With the implementation of the plastic restriction order, degradable plastics have gradually received attention and become the star material to replace single - use non - degradable plastics. Due to their environmental - friendly characteristics, degradable plastics have won the favor of consumers and gained a place in the market.

Definition and Types

Degradable plastics are plastics that can break down the large - molecule chains of plastics into small molecules through light radiation or the action of microorganisms in the soil under natural or specific conditions, and finally completely degrade into substances harmless to the environment (such as water and carbon dioxide). According to the degradation principle, degradable plastics are mainly divided into photodegradable plastics, destructive biodegradable plastics, fully biodegradable plastics, compostable plastics, etc.

Included in the List of Permitted Substances

在GB 4806.6《食品安全國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)食品接觸用塑料樹(shù)脂》中，已經(jīng)列出了多種食品接觸用可降解塑料材料及其限制要求。這些要求包括了各類材料的使用溫度限制，以及特定成分的殘留量要求，如下表格所示：

Not listed in the permitted substance list

For degradable plastic materials not listed in GB 4806.6 and its related announcements, if an enterprise wants to use them for food contact purposes, it needs to carry out a pre - market safety assessment and declare new varieties of food - related products to the National Health Commission.

Other compliance requirements

The types and requirements of additives used in degradable food contact materials and products need to comply with the provisions of GB 9685. In addition, compliance tests need to be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GB 4806.7, including total migration, potassium permanganate consumption, heavy metals, etc.