solarPanels, as one of the main carriers of green energy today, have been widely used and promoted globally. Due to their characteristic of converting solar energy into electricity, they are widely applied in residential, commercial, and industrial fields. However, with the increasing demand for them in the international market, issues related to the cross - border transportation and export of solar panels have gradually attracted the attention of the industry. This article will conduct an in - depth analysis of issues such as the cross - border transportation of solar panels, dangerous goods declaration, export qualifications, and tax refund rates.

(1) Transportation Classification

Solar panels are classified as general cargo and are not classified as dangerous goods. This means that during cross - border transportation, they do not require special transportation and storage requirements, whether it isMaritime TransportationorAir Transportationis acceptable.

(2) Packaging Requirements

Although solar panels are not dangerous goods, some types of them (such as glass solar panels) are relatively fragile. Therefore, special attention needs to be paid to the protection of the panels during packaging and boxing to avoid damage during transportation.

Solar power generation systems include solar cell modules, battery packs, an inverter system, and a solar control system. Among these, the part that requires dangerous goods declaration is the battery pack. For cross - border enterprises, when exporting solar battery packs, they must declare dangerous goods and also possess a dangerous goods packaging certificate to ensure safe transportation.

(1) TüV Mark

Mainly for Germany and other European countries.

(2) FCC certification

For the US market.

(3) UKCA Certification

For the UK market.

(4) CE Certification

Covers the EU and UK markets.

According to the customs codes 8541430000 and 8504401400 of solar panels, the tax refund rates vary by country. For example, if solar panels are directly exported from China to the US, they may face high anti - dumping duties, and sometimes this duty may exceed the value of the goods themselves.

Note: After December 1, 2024productsphotovoltaicrelated productsreduced to 9%Export Drawback. For details, see:Export of Photovoltaic EquipmentAnalysis of New Export Tax Rebate Policies in 2024: How Do Enterprises Respond to Adjustments?