In the EU, general lighting fixtures can be categorized into fixed luminaires, recessed luminaires, portable luminaires, streetlights, floodlights, buried lights, light strings, etc., based on different product types. Bulbs mainly include ordinary self-ballasted fluorescent lamps, LED lamps, double-ended fluorescent lamps, single-ended fluorescent lamps, etc.

In the United States, lighting fixtures primarily include general lighting fixtures, which can be roughly categorized by installation method into portable fixtures and fixed fixtures. Portable fixtures include table lamps and floor lamps, while fixed fixtures encompass ceiling lights, wall lights, and chandeliers, among others. Light bulbs mainly consist of fluorescent bulbs, HID bulbs, and LED bulbs, etc.

The following are the relevant regulations and certification requirements for lighting products in the U.S. and EU.

Lighting products exported to the U.S. generally need to comply with UL safety standards, which are primarily designed for product safety testing and certification. Different types of luminaires comply with different UL standards.

Seasonal/decorative lighting must meet UL588 standards;

Portable luminaires must meet UL153 standards;

Fixed luminaires must comply with UL1598 standard;

Flashlights, battery-powered hand lamps, and tool lights must comply with UL1576 standard;

Night lights must comply with UL1786 standard;

Light sources/bulbs must comply with UL1993 standard;

Low-voltage garden lights must comply with UL1838 standard;

Track lights must comply with UL1574 standard;

Emergency lights must comply with UL924 standard;

LED drivers, controllers; LED modules need to comply with standards such as UL8750.

Additionally, if lighting fixtures include wireless RF remote control, switching, dimming, or other functions, relevant radio frequency device certification and FCC certification must also be submitted. Different types of lighting fixtures correspond to different FCC authorization standards, as detailed below:

LED light source products such as bulbs, light strings, and light bars need to comply with FCC part 15B standards;

High - intensity discharge lamps shall pass the FCC part 18 standard;

Lamps with radio frequency functions shall pass the FCC part 15C standard, etc.

Lighting equipment exported to the EU generally requires mandatory certification—the CE mark, indicating that the product complies with relevant EU directives. Additionally, as the Brexit process continues, starting from January 1, 2023, the mandatory UKCA mark will be implemented in the UK (including England, Scotland, and Wales). In Northern Ireland, the CE mark can still be used for mandatory third-party notifications. Products issued by mandatory third-party notification bodies will require the UKNI mark.

Some special products also require authorization under relevant directives to be promoted, imported, or used in Europe, as detailed below:

Non-wireless lighting products such as bulbs, light strings, light strips, table lamps, and discharge lamps require authorization under EMC Directive 2014/30/EU;

Lighting products with wireless frequency functions require authorization under RED Directive 2014/53/EU.

Special reminder:

Light strings with plugs exported to the European market must comply with:

Documentation issued by a certification body, showing that your product has been tested in accordance with the following:

EN60598-2-20: 2010 or EN60598-2-20: 2015: Luminaires, string lights;

BS 1363 (UK only).

An EC Declaration of Conformity, showing that the product complies with applicable regulatory requirements, including but not limited to:

Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU, referencing EN60598-2-20: 2010 or EN60598-2-20: 2015;

Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 2014/30/EU;

Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53/EU (applicable to Bluetooth technology);

BS 1363 (UK only).